Amafilime asenya umunwa
Amafirime yo gusenya umunwa (ODF) nuburyo bushya bwo munwa bwihuse bwo gusohora dosiye yakoreshejwe cyane mumahanga mumyaka yashize. Yagaragaye mu mpera za za 70. Nyuma yiterambere, yagiye ihinduka buhoro buhoro bivuye mubicuruzwa byoroheje byita ku buzima. Iterambere ryagutse mu bijyanye n’ibicuruzwa byita ku buzima, ibicuruzwa byita ku muntu n’ibiyobyabwenge, kandi byakuruye abantu benshi kandi bitabwaho kubera inyungu zabyo izindi fomu zidafite. Biragenda biba ingirakamaro cyane ya sisitemu yo gutanga imiti ya membrane, cyane cyane ibereye kumira abarwayi bigoye nibiyobyabwenge bifite ingaruka zikomeye za mbere.
Bitewe na dosiye idasanzwe yinyungu ya firime yo gushonga umunwa, ifite ibyifuzo byiza byo gusaba. Nuburyo bushya bwa dosiye ishobora gusimbuza ibinini byangiritse kumanwa, ibigo byinshi binini bifite inyungu nyinshi muribi, kugirango byongere igihe cyipatanti yibiyobyabwenge bimwe na bimwe binyuze muburyo bwo guhindura dosiye ni ingingo yubushakashatsi kuri ubu.
Ibiranga nibyiza bya firime zishonga umunwa
Nta mpamvu yo kunywa amazi, byoroshye gukoresha. Mubisanzwe, ibicuruzwa byashizweho kugirango bingane na kashe, ishobora gushonga vuba kururimi hanyuma ikamirwa ningendo zisanzwe zo kumira; ubuyobozi bwihuse no gutangira byihuse; ugereranije n'inzira yo mu mazuru, inzira yo mu kanwa ntishobora kuba yangiza ururenda, no kuyisana Imikorere ikomeye; ubuyobozi bwa cavity mucosal burashobora guhindurwa mukarere ukurikije ingirabuzimafatizo kugirango byoroshye gukuraho byihutirwa; ibiyobyabwenge bigabanijwe neza mubikoresho byerekana firime, ibirimo ni ukuri, kandi gutuza n'imbaraga nibyiza. Irakwiriye cyane cyane imyiteguro y'abana iri kubura mubushinwa. Irashobora gukemura byoroshye ibibazo byimiti yabana nabarwayi no kunoza kubahiriza abana nabarwayi bageze mu zabukuru. Kubwibyo, ibigo byinshi bikorerwamo ibya farumasi bihuza imyiteguro yabyo isanzwe, capsules, ibinini hamwe nu mwobo wo mu kanwa Ibicuruzwa byangiza ibinini bihindurwamo firime yihuta mu kanwa kugirango byongere ubuzima bwigihe.
Ingaruka za firime ziseswa kumanwa
Umuyoboro wo mu kanwa urashobora gukuramo mucosa n'umwanya muto. Mubisanzwe, umunwa wo munwa ni muto mubunini kandi gupakira ibiyobyabwenge ntabwo ari binini (mubisanzwe 30-60mg). Gusa imiti ikora cyane irashobora gutoranywa; ibiyobyabwenge nyamukuru bigomba kuba bipfundikijwe uburyohe, kandi uburyohe bwibiyobyabwenge bugira ingaruka kumyumvire ya Pathway; gusohora amacandwe atabishaka no kumira bigira ingaruka kumikorere yinzira yo mu kanwa; ntabwo ibintu byose bishobora kunyura mumitsi yo mumunwa, kandi iyinjizwa ryayo riterwa no gukomera kwamavuta; impamyabumenyi yo gutandukana, uburemere bwa molekile, nibindi.; ukeneye gukoreshwa mubihe bimwe byihuta Absorption yihuta; mugihe cyo gukora firime, ibikoresho birashyuha cyangwa ibishishwa bigahinduka, biroroshye kubira ifuro, kandi biroroshye kugwa mugihe cyo gutema, kandi biroroshye kumeneka mugihe cyo gutema; firime iroroshye, yoroheje, ntoya, kandi yoroshye gukuramo ubuhehere. Kubwibyo, ibisabwa mubipfunyika biri hejuru cyane, ntibigomba kuba byoroshye gukoresha gusa, ahubwo binashimangira ubwiza bwimiti.
Gutegura umunwa imyiteguro ya firime igurishwa mumahanga
Dukurikije imibare, uko ibintu byifashe muri firime kugeza ubu birasa nkibi bikurikira. FDA yemeje amafilime 82 yagurishijwe ku isoko (harimo n’abakora ibicuruzwa bitandukanye n’ibisobanuro), naho Ubuyapani PMDA bwemeje ibiyobyabwenge 17 (harimo n’abakora ibicuruzwa bitandukanye n’ibisobanuro), nibindi, nubwo ugereranije n’ibisanzwe gakondo Haracyari icyuho kinini, ariko ibyiza nibiranga yo gutunganya film izagira uruhare runini mugutezimbere ibiyobyabwenge.
Mu 2004, kugurisha ku isi hose ikoranabuhanga rya firime mu kanwa ku isoko rya OTC n’ibicuruzwa byita ku buzima ni miliyoni 25 z’amadolari y’Amerika, aho ryageze kuri miliyoni 500 US $ mu 2007, miliyari 2 z’amadolari ya Amerika mu 2010, na miliyari 13 z’amadolari ya Amerika muri 2015.
Imiterere yiterambere ryimbere mugihugu no gushyira mubikorwa umunwa utegura firime
Nta bicuruzwa bya firime bishonga umunwa byemewe gucuruzwa mubushinwa, kandi byose biri mubushakashatsi. Ababikora nubwoko bwemejwe kubisaba ivuriro no kwiyandikisha murwego rwo gusuzuma ni ibi bikurikira:
Inganda zo mu gihugu zitangaza umubare munini wibikoresho byo gushonga umunwa ni Qilu (ubwoko 7), Hengrui (ubwoko 4), imiti ya farumasi ya Shanghai (ubwoko 4), na Pharmaceutical ya Sichuan Baili (ubwoko 4).
Porogaramu yo murugo ikoreshwa cyane mumashanyarazi ni ondansetron agent yo gushonga umunwa (imenyekanisha 4), olanzapine, risperidone, montelukast, na voglibose buriwese afite imenyekanisha 2.
Kugeza ubu, umugabane w isoko ryibice byo munwa (usibye ibicuruzwa bivamo umwuka) byibanda cyane kumasoko yo muri Amerika ya ruguru. Hamwe nimbaraga zimbitse niterambere ryubushakashatsi butandukanye ku munwa uhita, no kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa nkibi mu Burayi no muri Aziya, ndizera ko iyi dosiye imwe ifite ubushobozi bwubucuruzi mu miti, ibikomoka ku buzima ndetse n’isanzure.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-28-2022
